6 May 2020
A paper published in the BMJ today argues that since most people with Covid-19 are cared for at home, it may be important to try to protect the people caring for them by limiting how much virus they come in contact with, the ‘viral load’.
The paper was authored by a team of health experts at the University of Bristol, University of Southampton, University of Bath, and Public Health England, and patient representatives who have been funded by a new UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) grant to provide online advice and support to people in the community on how to protect themselves and their family from infection. The team are making the ‘Germ Defence’ app freely available.
The BMJ paper looks at evidence from many studies and concludes that exposure to a higher viral load may make people more ill – which is why Personal Protective Equipment is so important in hospitals. It is not practical for people at home to use the same methods that are used to protect hospital workers from infection from patients, but there are many other ways to try to reduce exposure to virus in the home, and they’re explained in GermDefence.org.
Once one member of a household has the virus, other household members may become more ill if they do not reduce their level of exposure to the virus within the house. It’s hard for people to remember to look after themselves when they’re caring for sick family members, but it’s especially important, and could save lives.
Public health advice recommends that people with symptoms of COVID-19 should be isolated from other people in the home, but this can be very difficult. Germ Defence supplements public health advice on infection control in the home by using behaviour change techniques to help people put this advice into practice – for example by pre-planning for how to avoid sharing areas of the home if at all possible, changing the home environment to reduce infection levels, personalised goal setting for increasing a range of infection control behaviours; and problem-solving to overcome barriers.
Germ Defence was developed during the H1N1 pandemic using theory, evidence and extensive feedback from members of the public. Germ Defence was then tested among over 20,000 patients, and shown to reduce the number and severity of infections of users and household members – this trial was published in the Lancet.
Germ Defence is still the only digital behavioural infection control intervention worldwide that has been proven to reduce the transmission of infections in the home and has already been translated into over 20 languages so it can be rolled out internationally.
Paul Little, Professor of Primary Care Research at University of Southampton, who led the BMJ article, said: “We developed and trialled Germ Defence so that it could be widely disseminated both during normal winter months and also during a major pandemic. We showed clear reductions in both transmission of infections to other family members and also in transmission from other family members. It should help reduce both the number of family members who become ill with COVID-19, and also reduce the severity of illness if family members do become ill.”
Professor Lucy Yardley, a theme lead for the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation at the University of Bristol and member of the University of Bristol’s Centre for Academic Primary Care, said: “Most people think that if a family member gets ill then it is just a matter of luck whether other people in the household get infected – but our trial of Germ Defence has shown that it is possible to protect the people you live with from also getting ill. We hope the app will save lives by helping people avoid spreading coronavirus to family members.”
Germ Defence is freely available at: germdefence.org
Read more about our COVID-19 research.
Further information
About the NIHR
The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) is the nation’s largest funder of health and care research. The NIHR:
- funds, supports and delivers high quality research that benefits the NHS, public health and social care
- engages and involves patients, carers and the public in order to improve the reach, quality and impact of research
- attracts, trains and supports the best researchers to tackle the complex health and care challenges of the future
- invests in world-class infrastructure and a skilled delivery workforce to translate discoveries into improved treatments and services
- partners with other public funders, charities and industry to maximise the value of research to patients and the economy.
The NIHR was established in 2006 to improve the health and wealth of the nation through research, and is funded by the Department of Health and Social Care. In addition to its national role, the NIHR supports applied health research for the direct and primary benefit of people in low- and middle-income countries, using UK aid from the UK government.